Plain-English Definition
The document that starts a civil lawsuit. It explains who is suing whom, what happened, and what the plaintiff wants the court to do.
Legal Meaning
The initial pleading in a civil action that states the plaintiff's claims, the facts supporting those claims, and the relief sought. The complaint must give the defendant fair notice of the claims against them.
Etymology Review
From Old French complainte, related to Latin complangere, “to lament or express grievance.” In law, a complaint formally states a grievance or claim.
Do Not Confuse With
- Petition
- Answer
Misuse Warning
A complaint must state enough facts to show a valid legal claim. Vague or conclusory complaints can be dismissed for failure to state a claim.
Boundary Note
Lexicon provides general legal and procedural information for educational purposes. It does not provide legal advice, legal representation, legal interpretation for a specific case, strategy, document preparation, or professional judgment. Meanings can vary by jurisdiction, facts, and procedural posture.